📝 Section Review: Advanced Routing
اہم نکاتKey TakeawaysKey Takeaways
- OSPF LSA اقسام 1-5 اور 7 router، network، summary، external اور NSSA routes کو cover کرتی ہیں۔OSPF LSA types 1-5 aur 7 router, network, summary, external aur NSSA routes ko cover karte hain.OSPF LSA types 1-5 and 7 cover router, network, summary, external, and NSSA routes.
- SPF throttle timers (exponential backoff) CPU risk کے بغیر fast convergence دیتے ہیں۔SPF throttle timers (exponential backoff) CPU risk ke baghair fast convergence dete hain.SPF throttle timers (exponential backoff) give fast convergence without CPU risk.
- BGP best-path ایک سخت ترتیبی الگورتھم ہے — پوری tie-breaker chain یاد رکھیں۔BGP best-path ek sakht tarteebi algorithm hai — poori tie-breaker chain yaad rakhen.BGP best-path is a strict ordered algorithm — know the full tie-breaker chain.
- Weight صرف local ہے؛ Local Preference پورے AS میں پھیلتا ہے؛ AS-path prepending inbound ٹریفک متاثر کرتا ہے۔Weight sirf local hai; Local Preference puray AS mein phailta hai; AS-path prepending inbound traffic affect karta hai.Weight is local-only; Local Preference propagates across the AS; AS-path prepending influences inbound traffic.
- Tuned timers کے ساتھ BFD fast BGP convergence کا معیاری نسخہ ہے۔Tuned timers ke saath BFD fast BGP convergence ka standard nuskha hai.BFD plus tuned timers is the standard recipe for fast BGP convergence.
خود جانچ (مشق)Self-Check (Practice)Self-Check (Practice)
یہ مشقی سوالات ہیں، امتحانی سوالات نہیں۔These are practice questions, not exam questions.These are practice questions, not exam questions.
❓ OSP کے پانچ اہم LSA اقسام بتائیں اور کون بناتا ہے۔OSP ke paanch aham LSA types batayen aur kaun banata hai.Name the five main OSPF LSA types and who generates each.
Type-1 (router)، Type-2 (network/DR)، Type-3 (summary, ABR)، Type-5 (external, ASBR)، Type-7 (NSSA external)۔Type-1 (router), Type-2 (network/DR), Type-3 (summary, ABR), Type-5 (external, ASBR), Type-7 (NSSA external).Type-1 (router), Type-2 (network/DR), Type-3 (summary, ABR), Type-5 (external, ASBR), Type-7 (NSSA external).
❓ BGP best-path کے مراحل ترتیب سے بتائیں۔BGP best-path ke marahil tarteeb se batayen.List the BGP best-path steps in order.
Weight، Local Preference، locally originated، AS-path، Origin، MED، eBGP over iBGP، IGP metric، Router-ID۔Weight, Local Preference, locally originated, AS-path, Origin, MED, eBGP over iBGP, IGP metric, Router-ID.Weight, Local Preference, locally originated, AS-path, Origin, MED, eBGP over iBGP, IGP metric, Router-ID.
❓ Type-5 route ڈیٹابیس میں ہے لیکن routing table میں نہیں۔ کیوں؟Type-5 route database mein hai lekin routing table mein nahi. Kyun?A Type-5 route is in the database but not the routing table. Why?
Forwarding address reachable ہونا چاہیے — اس کا route نہ ہو تو OSPF Type-5 route install نہیں کرتا۔Forwarding address reachable hona chahiye — is ka route na ho to OSPF Type-5 route install nahi karta.The forwarding address must be reachable — without a route to it, OSPF won't install the Type-5 route.
❓ BGP convergence کیسے تیز کرتے ہیں؟BGP convergence kaise tez karte hain?How do you speed up BGP convergence?
Timers کم کریں، BFD فوری failure detection کے لیے، اور eBGP پر advertisement-interval 0۔Timers kam karein, BFD fori failure detection ke liye, aur eBGP par advertisement-interval 0.Lower timers, BFD for fast failure detection, and advertisement-interval 0 on eBGP.