📝 Section Review: STP, EtherChannel & Access Security
اہم نکاتKey TakeawaysKey Takeaways
- STP redundant paths کو block کرکے Layer 2 loops روکتا ہے؛ root bridge election decide کرتا ہے کہ کون سے پورٹس block ہوں گے۔STP redundant paths ko block karke Layer 2 loops rokta hai; root bridge election decide karta hai ke kaun se ports block honge.STP prevents Layer 2 loops by blocking redundant paths; the root bridge election decides which ports block.
- EtherChannel 2–8 links کو ایک logical لنک میں جوڑتا ہے تاکہ زیادہ بندوڈتھ اور failover ملے۔EtherChannel 2–8 links ko aik logical link mein jorta hai taake zyada bandwidth aur failover mile.EtherChannel aggregates 2–8 links into one logical link for more bandwidth and failover.
- پورٹ سیکیورٹی ہر پورٹ پر MAC addresses limit کرتا ہے تاکہ unauthorized ڈیوائسز connect نہ کر سکیں۔Port security har port par MAC addresses limit karta hai taake unauthorized devices connect na kar saken.Port security restricts MAC addresses per port to stop unauthorized devices from connecting.
- Storm control broadcast floods کو throttle کرتا ہے؛ RA guard جعلی IPv6 router advertisements کو block کرتا ہے۔Storm control broadcast floods ko throttle karta hai; RA guard fake IPv6 router advertisements ko block karta hai.Storm control throttles broadcast floods; RA guard blocks fake IPv6 router advertisements.
- غیر استعمال پورٹس بند کریں اور access پورٹس پر BPDU guard لگائیں تاکہ جعلی سوئچز block ہوں۔Ghair istemal ports band karein aur access ports par BPDU guard lagayein taake fake switches block hon.Disable unused ports and use BPDU guard on access ports to block rogue switches.
خود جانچ (مشق)Self-Check (Practice)Self-Check (Practice)
یہ مشقی سوالات ہیں، امتحانی سوالات نہیں۔These are practice questions, not exam questions.These are practice questions, not exam questions.
❓ Practice: STP کس مسئلے کو حل کرتا ہے، اور port roles کیا ہیں؟Practice: STP kis masle ko hal karta hai, aur port roles kya hain?Practice: What problem does STP solve, and what are port roles?
Practice: STP redundant links کو ڈھونڈ کر block کرتا ہے تاکہ loop نہ بنے۔ ایک سوئچ root bridge elect ہوتا ہے؛ پورٹس کو root، designated یا blocked role ملتا ہے۔Practice: STP redundant links ko dhoondh kar block karta hai taake loop na bane. Aik switch root bridge elect hota hai; ports ko root, designated ya blocked role milta hai.Practice: STP finds and blocks redundant links to stop loops. One switch is elected root bridge; ports are assigned root, designated, or blocked roles.
❓ Practice: EtherChannel کیا کرتا ہے اور اسے کیوں use کرتے ہیں؟Practice: EtherChannel kya karta hai aur ise kyun use karte hain?Practice: What does EtherChannel do and why would you use it?
Practice: EtherChannel 2–8 physical links کو ایک logical لنک میں جوڑ دیتا ہے، بندوڈتھ جمع کر دیتا ہے اور redundancy دیتا ہے۔Practice: EtherChannel 2–8 physical links ko aik logical link mein jor deta hai, bandwidth jama kar deta hai aur redundancy deta hai.Practice: EtherChannel bundles 2–8 physical links into one logical link, adding their bandwidth together and providing redundancy.
❓ Practice: پورٹ سیکیورٹی سوئچ پورٹ کی حفاظت کیسے کرتا ہے؟Practice: Port security switch port ki hifazat kaise karta hai?Practice: How does port security protect a switch port?
Practice: پورٹ سیکیورٹی ایک پورٹ پر کتنے MAC addresses learn ہوں گے اسے limit کرتا ہے اور violation پر action لیتا ہے (protect, restrict یا shutdown)۔ اس سے unknown ڈیوائسز connect نہیں کر پاتے۔Practice: Port security aik port par kitne MAC addresses learn honge ise limit karta hai aur violation par action leta hai (protect, restrict ya shutdown). Is se unknown devices connect nahi kar pate.Practice: Port security limits how many MAC addresses a port learns and what it does on violation (protect, restrict, or shutdown). This stops unknown devices from connecting.
❓ Practice: Storm control اور RA guard کس چیز سے بچات کرتے ہیں؟Practice: Storm control aur RA guard kis cheez se bachat karte hain?Practice: What do storm control and RA guard defend against?
Practice: Storm control broadcast/multicast/unicast ٹریفک کی rate limit کرتا ہے تاکہ flood نیٹ ورک کو نہ مار دے۔ RA guard جعلی IPv6 router advertisements کو block کرتا ہے۔Practice: Storm control broadcast/multicast/unicast traffic ki rate limit karta hai taake flood network ko na maar de. RA guard fake IPv6 router advertisements ko block karta hai.Practice: Storm control limits broadcast/multicast/unicast traffic rates to prevent floods from killing the network. RA guard blocks rogue IPv6 router advertisements.